&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #003366;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1. What is Gardnerella vaginalis, and how is it diagnosed?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;Gardnerella vaginalis is a bacterium linked to bacterial vaginosis (BV), a common vaginal infection. It is diagnosed through clinical evaluation, pH testing, microscopy (to detect clue cells), and vaginal or urethral swab tests in clinics across Singapore.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #003366;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2. Can men get Gardnerella vaginalis from their partners?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;Yes, Gardnerella vaginalis can be transmitted through sexual contact. While many men remain asymptomatic, some may develop urethritis or balanitis. Treating both partners may help prevent reinfection.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #003366;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3. What are the symptoms of Gardnerella in men?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;Symptoms in men may include penile itching, burning during urination, inflammation of the glans (balanitis), or urethral discomfort. However, most men do not show any symptoms.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #003366;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4. Is Gardnerella vaginalis a sexually transmitted infection (STI)?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;Gardnerella vaginalis is not officially classified as an STI, but it is considered sexually associated. It is more common in sexually active individuals and may be spread through unprotected sex.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #003366;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;5. How is bacterial vaginosis treated in Singapore?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;In Singapore, bacterial vaginosis is typically treated with antibiotics such as metronidazole or clindamycin, prescribed orally or as vaginal gels. Partner treatment may be advised in recurring cases.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #003366;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;6. Can Gardnerella vaginalis lead to infertility?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;If left untreated, Gardnerella vaginalis-related BV may contribute to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which can lead to infertility by damaging the fallopian tubes or uterus.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #003366;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;7. What causes the fishy odour in bacterial vaginosis?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;The fishy vaginal odour in BV is caused by the breakdown of amines produced by overgrowth of Gardnerella vaginalis and other anaerobic bacteria in the vagina.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #003366;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;8. Can I treat Gardnerella with over-the-counter medication?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;No, effective treatment for Gardnerella vaginalis requires prescription antibiotics. Over-the-counter remedies may relieve symptoms but do not address the underlying bacterial imbalance.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #003366;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;9. Should male partners be treated if a woman has BV?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;Treatment for male partners is not always necessary unless they show symptoms. However, in cases of recurrent BV, treating both partners may reduce the risk of reinfection.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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